Biomedical Engineering (BME) 3 Practice Test

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• What is PMA vs 510(k) in U.S. regulatory pathways?
• Which two bioreactor types are commonly used in BME for suspension culture and continuous nutrient exchange?
• What is the purpose of statistical power analysis in a clinical trial?
• An insulin pen differs from an insulin pump because
• What is a common FMEA step in medical device design?
• In diffusion-controlled drug release, what factors govern the release rate?
• The HbA1c test origin involves a line of hemoglobin seen on a gel.
• In enzymatic sensors that follow Michaelis–Menten kinetics, what happens to the reaction rate when substrate concentration greatly exceeds Km?
• Which is a typical gait parameter used to assess mobility?
• In the Nernst equation for pH measurements, which parameter appears in the denominator alongside the logarithm term?
• What is the difference between biocompatibility and bioactivity in biomaterial implants?
• In what year did Organon file the home pregnancy test patent?
• Afrezza and Exubera are two different insulin delivery systems. These two systems both deliver insulin through the lungs.
• Using the same data, calculate the strain energy density U given σ = 25 MPa and ε = 0.00139. Which value is closest to the result?
• The HbA1c test is named after
• What is a basic idea behind filtered back projection in CT image reconstruction?
• An insulin molecule circulating in your bloodstream consists of:
• Which statement describes how NPH insulin achieves longer action?
• Which statement accurately describes the ECG features corresponding to the cardiac cycle and common pathologies?
• What is the purpose of a calibration curve in a biosensor?
• Which ISO standard addresses in vitro cytotoxicity testing of biomaterials?
• Explain the difference between linear and nonlinear models in biosignal processing and provide an example.
• Explain the concept of an ADC resolution and its impact on measurable signal range.
• What does the acronym SOMA stand for?
• Define signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and identify a common method to improve it in biosignal instrumentation.
• Which statement describes the role of shear stress in vascular biology?
• Which equation correctly describes laminar, Newtonian flow in a circular pipe and identifies the variables?
• What is Michaelis-Menten kinetics and its relevance to drug-receptor interactions?
• Describe a simple model for a regulatory pathway in clinical trials from Phase I to Phase III.
• Which of the following is a key ethical consideration when testing medical devices in humans?
• Which statement correctly defines Young's modulus and its relation to stiffness?
• Which statement best describes the basic force-length and force-velocity relationships in muscle?
• In EMG preprocessing, what is the purpose of rectification?
• A child who develops diabetes typically loses weight. In 1920, the best treatment for this child would be to
• Explain the perfusion equation and the role of capillary exchange in tissue oxygen delivery.
• One conclusion from the DCCT was that tight control:
• Ultrasound: speed in soft tissue ~ 1540 m/s. A transducer at 5 MHz; what is wavelength λ?
• The HbA1c test measures how much of this molecule is attached to hemoglobin.
• Which statement best describes the use of X-ray crystallography?
• Compute Reynolds number for blood in a small vessel: ρ=1060 kg/m^3, μ=0.0035 Pa·s, v=0.1 m/s, D=1 cm. Re = ?
• What does CEM43 stand for in thermal dose assessment?
• In 1920, Eli Lilly was known for manufacturing what form of drug dosage?
• The SOMA's shape inspiration is which animal?
• What is the purpose of electrical isolation in medical devices per IEC 60601?
• X-ray crystallography can be used to determine the three-dimensional structure of a protein.
• What is EMG and what preprocessing steps are typicallyApplied before analysis?
• What is a calibration curve in sensor measurements, and how is the linear range defined?
• Banting developed his idea on how to treat diabetes while he was which of the following?
• In MRI, the Larmor frequency is approximately f = (γ/2π) B0; with γ/2π = 42.58 MHz/T, which expression gives f?
• Where is the pancreas located?
• Insulin from humans and cows is exactly alike.
• The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial monitored this complication that many diabetes patients suffer:
• The 1969 Organon patent on a home pregnancy test lists inventor(s) as:
• Off-label prescribing is when a physician prescribes a drug to treat a condition that was NOT approved by the FDA.
• The insulin gene Ullrich cloned for human insulin was obtained from:
• What is the Nernst equation for a pH electrode at room temperature when n = 1?
• What is the difference between diffusion- and perfusion-limited transport in tissue engineering contexts?
• Nernst equation for a ratio of 2 yields E approximately?
• Lead II ECG orientation and typical axis?
• What is the practical implication of the Nyquist sampling theorem for biomedical signals?
• In tissue oxygen delivery, which factor most directly determines the amount of oxygen that diffuses from capillaries into tissue?
• The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial tested whether this method of treating diabetes was better than what patients had been doing:
• What is the difference between sensor sensitivity and selectivity?
• Which assay is commonly used to assess cytotoxicity of a biomaterial extract?
• Which ethical concept focuses on ensuring participants understand the study and agree to participate voluntarily?
• Define the 0.2% offset method for defining yield strength and why it is used.
• pH is a measure of what?
• Reynolds number in microvasculature is typically very low. What does this imply about the flow?
• The SOMA device is designed for potential oral delivery of which substance?
• In a reaction-diffusion process within tissue, which equation modifies Fick's law?
• Isotropic relation G = E / [2(1+ν)]. If E = 210 GPa and ν = 0.3, what is G?
• Which ethical concept ensures that selection of participants is fair and not based on convenience or exploitation?
• The Ames Reflective Meter was one of the first:
• In vascular imaging, what is the main advantage of DSA over other fluoroscopic techniques?
• What is an instrumentation amplifier and why is it used in bioinstrumentation?
• Which combination is typically included in a closed-loop insulin delivery system?
• In viscoelastic materials, which statement correctly defines creep and stress relaxation?
• Poisson's ratio for incompressible soft tissue is typically about which value?
• In the DCCT, the primary long-term complication tracked was damage to the retina's blood vessels.
• Which statement about Peclet number is correct?
• Which company produces several insulin analogs such as Lispro, Aspar, and Glulisine?
• In 1889, Oscar Minkowski removed an organ from a dog, after which the dog developed symptoms similar to those seen in diabetes. Which organ was removed?
• Which ethical concept is primarily about evaluating whether the potential benefits justify the risks of the study?
• Which statement correctly compares digital subtraction angiography (DSA) with spot fluoroscopy?
• Which device did Arnold Beckman help develop and market?
• X-ray crystallography provides information about which aspect of molecules?
• A complete lack of vitamin A in a person's diet can lead to:
• Which statement about the Collip insulin assay describes its purpose?
• Which surface modification strategy involves attaching chemical groups to the surface to improve biocompatibility?
• Which university is associated with the city that hosted the 1976 recombinant DNA safety hearings?
• Glucose Oxidase was isolated from which source?
• The SOMA shape is based on which animal?
• Larmor frequency at 1.5 T, given γ/2π = 42.58 MHz/T, which statement best matches?
• In ultrasound, which statement correctly describes axial resolution?
• The Beta band is centered around which frequency range?
• The HbA1c test measures the amount of glucose attached to hemoglobin.
• Diffusion time scale t ~ L^2 / D. For L=1 mm and D=1e-10, estimate t.
• Which statement best describes the pancreas's two main functions?
• Diffusion coefficient D in biological tissues is influenced by which factors?
• For a cantilever beam with L = 0.2 m, width b = 0.05 m, height h = 0.01 m, E = 70 GPa, and end load F = 10 N, which is the tip deflection δ?
• What is the linear range of a sensor?
• What is the effect of increasing ADC bit depth on quantization error and dynamic range?
• Which expression gives the area moment of inertia for a rectangle with width b and height h about the neutral axis?
• Gamma band is defined as frequencies above which value?
• Which of the following are used as gait parameters to assess mobility, balance, and pathology?
• Ultimate tensile strength is defined as which of the following?
• The best treatment for diabetes around 1915 was known as which?
• Afrezza and Exubera are two inhaled insulin delivery systems. These two systems both:
• Define Hounsfield unit (HU) and its reference.
• The Organon home pregnancy test patent year was:
• IACUC stands for which of the following?
• A notch filter is used to remove line noise at which frequency?
• In the insulin-related context, what was measured as an indicator of insulin activity in the Collip assay?
• Which imaging modality uses X-ray attenuation, measured in Hounsfield units, and is particularly good for visualizing bone and calcifications?
• Which statement accurately describes biocompatibility versus bioactivity in implants?
• What are ISO 10993 guidelines used for in biomaterials?
• In Michaelis-Menten kinetics, how does reaction velocity v change as substrate concentration [S] increases?
• The Nexplanon birth control implant is usually implanted under the skin of a woman's:
• In an enzyme-based glucose sensor, Km influences the sensor response because Km sets the substrate concentration at half-max; lower Km yields higher sensitivity at low concentrations.
• Afrezza and Exubera are two different insulin delivery systems. These two systems both deliver insulin through the lungs.
• In the 1950s, treatment by Dr. Elliot Joslin was most likely characterized by:
• What is the difference between dynamic range and sensitivity in sensors?
• Yield strength is often defined by a specific offset. Which offset is commonly used?
• A closed-loop system for insulin delivery contains which components?
• Nyquist frequency for a sampling rate Fs?
• What is the Fourier transform of a pure sine wave at frequency f?
• James Collip's insulin activity assay measured changes in blood sugar levels in which animal?
• Which statement best describes T1 and T2 relaxation in MRI?
• Cloning the human insulin gene into bacteria demonstrates the use of which technology?
• Notch filter designed to suppress line noise commonly centers at which frequency?
• Explain Johnson-Nyquist noise and how it affects biosignal measurements.
• In a biosensor, which description best captures the main components and their order from recognition to output?
• Which statement correctly describes creep and stress relaxation in viscoelastic materials?
• The insulin purification method developed by James Collip relied on insulin's solubility in what type of solvent system?
• What is the difference between biophysical and biochemical signaling in cells?
• Which practice ensures that a comparison group is treated similarly to the intervention group except for the treatment itself?
• The drug propranolol has been approved by the FDA for use in treating anxiety.
• For an incompressible material, Poisson's ratio ν approaches what value?
• Which ethical consideration focuses on protecting information from unauthorized access?
• X-ray crystallography primarily provides information about which of the following aspects?
• Increasing scaffold porosity has what effect on diffusion and mechanical strength?
• Diffusion: D=1e-10 m^2/s; C0=1, C1=0; L=1 mm. Steady-state flux J = D(C0 − C1)/L. Compute J.
• Nexplanon is an example of ________ applied to birth control.
• The order of amino acids in a protein produced by your body is determined by your DNA.
• Which company filed Organon's 1969 home pregnancy test patent?
• Which statement describes how some insulin analogs differ from normal human insulin?
• Which statement about Reynolds number and flow regime is true?
• Which statement best aligns with the described delivery route for SOMA?
• What does diffusion tensor imaging primarily reveal about tissue?
• Which company filed Organon's 1969 home pregnancy test patent?
• Why is an anti-aliasing filter used before analog-to-digital conversion in biomedical signal acquisition?
• The Alpha band is centered around which frequency range?
• Which of the following is a typical ECG abnormality indicating potential pathology?
• One conclusion from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial was that tight glycemic control
• Off-label prescribing is when a physician prescribes a drug for a condition not FDA-approved.
• Immediately after his one year of surgical residence at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children, Fred Banting did which of the following?
• Which ethical principle relates to fair access to participation?
• With F = 2 kN and A = 8e-5 m^2, the stress is 25 MPa. If E = 18 GPa, what is the axial strain ε?
• Which outcome was used to assess the benefit of tight glycemic control in the DCCT?
• Which statement correctly describes deformation of an incompressible material?
• Which ethical concept concerns safeguarding personal information collected during a study?
• In biosensor performance, which statement about linearity error is true?
• In diffusion- versus perfusion-limited transport, which statement best describes perfusion-limited transport?
• Which concept involves evaluating whether the risks to participants are justified by potential benefits?
• Acoustic impedance units are?
• Which statement about human and bovine insulin is true?
• In ultrasound imaging, which statement correctly describes axial resolution?
• The scale of the SOMA device is best described as:
• In a biosensor system, what is the role of the reader?
• Which EEG band is centered approximately at frequencies below 4 Hz?
• Bone typically has which relation to water in Hounsfield units?
• Typical EMG signal bandwidth is approximately:
• Acoustic impedance Z = ρ c. If ρ = 1000 kg/m^3 and c = 1540 m/s, Z ≈ ?
• Which practice aims to minimize bias by standardizing procedures and measurements across all participants?
• An insulin pen differs from an insulin pump because
• Which equation represents Fick's second law and its use in modeling diffusion in tissue?
• Which hormone secreted by the pancreas regulates blood glucose?
• What is finite element analysis (FEA) used for in biomedical engineering?
• For a pH electrode at room temperature with n=1, what is the approximate potential at pH 7?
• Which practice balances known and unknown participant characteristics across groups during assignment?
• The label of a prescription drug summarizes all the scientific information known about the drug.
• If Poisson's ratio for a tissue is approximately 0.5, what does this imply about volume during deformation?
• A cylindrical bone segment with length 0.12 m and cross-sectional area 8e-5 m^2 is loaded in axial tension with F = 2 kN. What is the axial stress?
• The modification that yields longer-acting NPH insulin is achieved by mixing insulin with which substance?
• Which statement best describes the role of porosity in diffusion-based processes within a matrix?
• Engineered E. coli bacteria containing recombinant DNA are not dangerous to humans because:
• Define thermal dose in hyperthermia therapy and a common index used.
• In 1921, picric acid was used as which of the following?
• What is the primary purpose of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) in medical device design?
• Which statement correctly describes diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in terms of what it measures?
• Which statement correctly distinguishes diffusion-driven transport from perfusion-driven transport in tissues?
• What information does diffusion tensor imaging primarily provide?
• An IACUC must have at least five members. One of these members must be a veterinarian.
• Which numerical method is widely used to solve complex biomechanical problems with irregular geometry?
• In the DCCT, the comparison between tight control and conventional treatment demonstrated that conventional treatment was described as:
• How does temperature affect the diffusion coefficient D in tissues?
• Which principle relates to notifying participants about study details in understandable language and obtaining consent?
• At an interface with impedance mismatch Z1 and Z2, fraction reflected R is?
• What is the definition of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in measurements?
• The engineered bacteria carrying the human insulin gene are described as what?
• What is the purpose of a black box warning on a prescription drug label?
• Which practice involves repeating the study to estimate variability and reliability?
• The occupation of Margaret Crane in the 1960s was:
• What is a microfluidic Reynolds number and how does it compare to macroscale flow?
• What general health change occurred in the dog after the organ was removed, according to the history provided?
• A complete lack of vitamin A in a person's diet can lead to which condition?
• NPH insulin achieves its intermediate-acting profile by forming a complex with protamine. This class of insulin is:
• What is Wolff's law in bone biology?
• What pore size range is typical for tissue engineering scaffolds to support tissue growth and vascularization?
• Which early 20th-century method for glucose measurement relied on color change?
• Which statement about electrode impedance and EEG/ECG signal quality is true?
• Which statement accurately describes autologous and allogeneic stem cells?
• In Poiseuille's law, if the radius is doubled, by what factor does Q increase?
• In what year was Organon's home pregnancy test patent filed?
• Define Hounsfield units and their use in CT imaging.
• Which practice reduces bias by concealing group assignments from participants and researchers when feasible?
• Poiseuille's law for laminar flow: Q = π ΔP r^4 /(8 μ L). With ΔP=500 Pa, r=2 mm, μ=0.001 Pa·s, L=50 mm, compute Q.
• At 37°C, for a monovalent redox couple, the Nernst equation is E = ?
• In CT reconstruction, what is the purpose of applying a ramp filter during filtered back projection?
• Explain the difference between signal averaging and ensemble averaging in biomedical signal processing.
• Which of the following was not a frequent complication from diabetes before the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial?
• Which organ is responsible for insulin production and digestive enzyme secretion?
• In 1921, the best way to measure glucose in blood was based on which of the following?
• Severe symptoms of hypoglycemia could be confused with which condition?
• According to Fick's first law, which factors determine the diffusion rate?
• Typical shear modulus range for soft tissues is approximately:
• The home pregnancy test patent is related to which product category?
• The Theta band is centered around which frequency range?
• The loose control approach to managing a patient's diabetes can be characterized by the following:
• Which practice is primarily intended to prevent bias when outcome assessment is subjective?
• In the 1960s, Margaret Crane worked as a:
• In 1976, a US city held hearings on the safety of recombinant DNA in research. This city was home to which university?
• The DCCT stands for which phrase?